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SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance)

Federal insurance program providing monthly cash benefits to workers who become disabled and can no longer perform substantial gainful activity. Based on work history and payroll tax contributions, not income-tested.

SSDI pays a monthly cash benefit to workers who are insured under Social Security and meet SSA adult disability definition. The benefit is based on the worker average indexed monthly earnings (AIME) and Primary Insurance Amount (PIA), not on household income. For a worker first eligible for disability insurance benefits in 2026, SSA PIA formula is 90% of the first $1,286 of AIME, plus 32% of AIME over $1,286 through $7,749, plus 15% over $7,749. In 2026, one Social Security credit requires $1,890 of covered earnings, up to four credits per year; most disabled workers need 40 credits, including 20 in the 10 years before disability begins, while younger workers may qualify with fewer. 2026 work thresholds: SGA $1,690/month non-blind and $2,830/month blind; trial work period trigger $1,210/month. Generally there is a five-month waiting period, and SSDI converts to retirement benefits at full retirement age with the same amount.

Eligibility

  • Applicant must have a qualifying disability

Services

SSDI pays a monthly cash benefit to workers who are insured under Social Security and meet SSA adult disability definition. The benefit is based on the worker average indexed monthly earnings (AIME) and Primary Insurance Amount (PIA), not on household income. For a worker first eligible for disability insurance benefits in 2026, SSA PIA formula is 90% of the first $1,286 of AIME, plus 32% of AIME over $1,286 through $7,749, plus 15% over $7,749. In 2026, one Social Security credit requires $1,890 of covered earnings, up to four credits per year; most disabled workers need 40 credits, including 20 in the 10 years before disability begins, while younger workers may qualify with fewer. 2026 work thresholds: SGA $1,690/month non-blind and $2,830/month blind; trial work period trigger $1,210/month. Generally there is a five-month waiting period, and SSDI converts to retirement benefits at full retirement age with the same amount.

How to apply

Use the official program page for application details: official program page.

  • ssi (alternative): SSI is needs-based for those without sufficient work history; some individuals receive both SSI and SSDI